Athletau trac a maes heddiw yw'r gamp fwyaf poblogaidd, sy'n ennill mwy a mwy o fomentwm bob dydd, wrth i rieni roi eu hathletwyr ifanc i'r gamp. Ond, fel ym mhob camp, mae rhestr o rai categorïau ar gyfer pob disgyblaeth chwaraeon.
Graddau athletau, safonau rhedeg
Cyn cychwyn ar hyfforddiant gwell, mae angen i chi ymgyfarwyddo â'r set gychwynnol o reolau a rheoliadau, a darganfod hefyd pa ddangosyddion arbennig sy'n bodoli yn y ddisgyblaeth chwaraeon hon. Dyma hanfod erthygl heddiw, gadewch i ni ddechrau.
Hanes
Mae Athletau yn gamp Olympaidd sy'n dyddio'n ôl i Wlad Groeg Hynafol, sef, cychwynnodd ei llwybr, fel camp ar wahân, yn 776 CC. Wel, yn y byd modern am y tro cyntaf atgoffodd y ddisgyblaeth hon ohoni ei hun yn ôl ym 1789 a heddiw mae'n un o'r disgyblaethau Olympaidd mwyaf parchus.
Awdurdodau rheoleiddio
Mae'r cyrff sy'n llywodraethu ac yn rheoleiddio'r chwaraeon hyn yn cynnwys:
- Cymdeithas Athletau Ewrop.
- Cymdeithas Athletau Unol Daleithiau America.
- Cymdeithas Athletau Holl-Rwsiaidd.
Safonau rhyddhau i ddynion
Ystyriwch pa safonau y mae'n rhaid eu pasio i ddynion.
Rhedeg
| Pellter (metr) | MSMK | MC | CCM | I. | II | III | I (th) | II (th) | III (th) |
| 50 | — | — | — | 6,1 | 6,3 | 6,6 | 7,0 | 7,4 | 8,0 |
| 60 | — | — | 6,8 | 7,1 | 7,4 | 7,8 | 8,2 | 8,7 | 9,3 |
| 100 | — | — | 10,7 | 11,2 | 11,8 | 12,7 | 13,4 | 14,2 | 15,2 |
| 200 | — | — | 22,0 | 23,0 | 24,2 | 25,6 | 28,0 | 30,5 | 34,0 |
| 300 | — | — | 34,5 | 37,0 | 40,0 | 43,0 | 47,0 | 53,0 | 59,0 |
| 400 | — | — | 49,5 | 52,0 | 56,0 | 1:00,0 | 1:05,0 | 1:10,0 | 1:15,0 |
| 600 | — | — | 1:22,0 | 1:27,0 | 1:33,0 | 1:40,0 | 1:46,0 | 1:54,0 | 2:05,0 |
| 800 | — | 1:49,0 | 1:53,5 | 1:59,0 | 2:10,0 | 2:20,0 | 2:30,0 | 2:40,0 | 2:50,0 |
| 1000 | 2:18,0 | 2:21,0 | 2:28,0 | 2:36,0 | 2:48,0 | 3:00,0 | 3:15,0 | 3:35,0 | 4:00,0 |
| 1500 | 3:38,0 | 3:46,0 | 3:54,5 | 4:07,5 | 4:25,0 | 4:45,0 | 5:10,0 | 5:30,0 | 6:10,0 |
| 1600 | 3:56,0 | 4:03,5 | 4:15,0 | 4:30,0 | 4:47,0 | 5:08,0 | — | — | — |
| 3000 | 7:52,0 | 8:05,0 | 8:30,0 | 9:00,0 | 9:40,0 | 10:20,0 | 11:00,0 | 12:00,0 | 13:20,0 |
| 5000 | 13:27,0 | 14:00,0 | 14:40,0 | 15:30,0 | 16:35,0 | 17:45,0 | 19:00,0 | 20:30,0 | — |
| 10000 | 28:10,0 | 29:25,0 | 30:35,0 | 32:30,0 | 34:40,0 | 38:00,0 | — | — | — |
Rhedeg priffyrdd
| Pellter (cilometrau) | MSMK | MC | CCM | I. | II | III |
| 21.0975km (hanner marathon) | 1:02:30 | 1:05:30 | 1:08:30 | 1:11:30 | 1:15:00 | 1:21:00 |
| 15k | — | — | 47:00 | 49:00 | 51:30 | 56:00 |
| 42,195 | 2:13:00 | 2:20:00 | 2:28:00 | 2:37:00 | 2:50:00 | diwedd y pellter |
| Ras ddyddiol 24 awr | 250 | 240 | 220 | 190 | — | — |
| 100km | 6:40:00 | 6:55:00 | 7:20:00 | 7:50:00 | diwedd y pellter | — |
Croes
| Pellter (cilometrau) | I. | II | III | I (th) | II (th) | III (th) |
| 1 | 2:38 | 2:50 | 3:02 | 3:17 | 3:37 | 4:02 |
| 2 | 5:45 | 6:10 | 6:35 | 7:00 | 7:40 | 8:30 |
| 3 | 9:05 | 9:45 | 10:25 | 11:05 | 12:05 | 13:25 |
| 5 | 15:40 | 16:45 | 18:00 | 19:10 | 20:40 | — |
| 8 | 25:50 | 27:30 | 29:40 | 31:20 | — | — |
| 10 | 32:50 | 35:50 | 38:20 | — | — | — |
| 12 | 40:00 | 43:00 | 47:00 | — | — | — |
Cerdded chwaraeon
| Pellter (metr) | MSMK | MC | CCM | I. | II | III | I (th) | II (th) | III (th) |
| 3000 | — | — | 12:45 | 13:40 | 14:50 | 16:00 | 17:00 | 18:00 | 19:00 |
| 5000 | — | — | 21:40 | 22:50 | 24:40 | 27:30 | 29:00 | 31:00 | 33:00 |
| 20000 | 1:21:30 | 1:29:00 | 1:35:00 | 1:41:00 | 1:50:00 | 2:03:00 | — | — | — |
| 35000 | 2:33:00 | 2:41:00 | 2:51:00 | 3:05:00 | Mae angen gorffen | — | — | — | — |
| 50000 | 3:50:00 | 4:20:00 | 4:45:00 | 5:15:00 | Mae angen gorffen | — | — | — | — |
Felly, yma rydym wedi archwilio'r prif ddangosyddion ar gyfer dynion yn y ddisgyblaeth hon. Wel, nawr mae'n werth symud ymlaen i safonau'r rhyw deg, oherwydd, fel y gwyddoch, mewn athletau, maen nhw mewn safle blaenllaw.
Safonau rhyddhau i ferched
Ystyriwch pa safonau y mae angen i ferched eu pasio.
Rhedeg
| Pellter (metr) | MSMK | MC | CCM | I. | II | III | I (th) | II (th) | III (th) |
| 50 | — | — | — | 6,9 | 7,3 | 7,7 | 8,2 | 8,6 | 9,3 |
| 60 | — | — | 7,6 | 8,0 | 8,4 | 8,9 | 9,4 | 9,9 | 10,5 |
| 100 | — | — | 12,3 | 13,0 | 13,8 | 14,8 | 15,8 | 17,0 | 18,0 |
| 200 | — | — | 25,3 | 26,8 | 28,5 | 31,0 | 33,0 | 35,0 | 37,0 |
| 300 | — | — | 40,0 | 42,0 | 45,0 | 49,0 | 53,0 | 57,0 | — |
| 400 | — | — | 57,0 | 1:01,0 | 1:05,0 | 1:10,0 | 1:16,0 | 1:22,0 | 1:28,0 |
| 600 | — | — | 1:36,0 | 1:42,0 | 1:49,0 | 1:57,0 | 2:04,0 | 2:13,0 | 2:25,0 |
| 800 | — | 2:05,0 | 2:14,0 | 2:24,0 | 2:34,0 | 2:45,0 | 3:00,0 | 3:15,0 | 3:30,0 |
| 1000 | 2:36,5 | 2:44,0 | 2:54,0 | 3:05,0 | 3:20,0 | 3:40,0 | 4:00,0 | 4:20,0 | 4:45,0 |
| 1500 | 4:05,5 | 4:17,0 | 4:35,0 | 4:55,0 | 5:15,0 | 5:40,0 | 6:05,0 | 6:25,0 | 7:10,0 |
| 1600 | 4:24,0 | 4:36,0 | 4:55,0 | 5:15,0 | 5:37,0 | 6:03,0 | — | — | — |
| 3000 | 8:52,0 | 9:15,0 | 9:54,0 | 10:40,0 | 11:30,0 | 12:30,0 | 13:30,0 | 14:30,0 | 16:00,0 |
| 5000 | 15:20,0 | 16:10,0 | 17:00,0 | 18:10,0 | 19:40,0 | 21:20,0 | 23:00,0 | 24:30,0 | — |
| 10000 | 32:00,0 | 34:00,0 | 35:50,0 | 38:20,0 | 41:30,0 | 45:00,0 | — | — | — |
Rhedeg priffyrdd
| Pellter (cilometrau) | MSMK | MC | CCM | I. | II | III |
| 21.0975km (hanner marathon) | 1:13:00 | 1:17:00 | 1:21:00 | 1:26:00 | 1:33:00 | 1:42:00 |
| 15 | — | — | 47:00 | 49:00 | 51:30 | 56:00 |
| 42.195 (marathon) | 2:32:00 | 2:45:00 | 3:00:00 | 3:15:00 | 3:30:00 | Mae angen gorffen |
| Ras ddyddiol24 awr | 210 | 200 | 160 | 10 | — | — |
| 100km | 7:55:00 | 8:20:00 | 9:05:00 | 9:40:00 | diwedd y pellter | — |
Croes
| Pellter (cilometrau) | I. | II | III | I (th) | II (th) | III (th) |
| 1 | 3:07 | 3:22 | 3:42 | 4:02 | 4:22 | 4:42 |
| 2 | 6:54 | 7:32 | 8:08 | 8:48 | 9:28 | 10:10 |
| 3 | 10:35 | 11:35 | 12:35 | 13:35 | 14:35 | 16:05 |
| 5 | 14:28 | 15:44 | 17:00 | 18:16 | 19:40 | — |
| 6 | 22:30 | 24:00 | 26:00 |
Cerdded chwaraeon
| Pellter (metr) | MSMK | MC | CCM | I. | II | III | I (th) | II (th) | III (th) |
| 3000 | — | — | 14:20 | 15:20 | 16:30 | 17:50 | 19:00 | 20:30 | 22:00 |
| 5000 | — | 23:00 | 24:30 | 26:00 | 28:00 | 30:30 | 33:00 | 35:30 | 38:00 |
| 10000 | 46:30 | 48:30 | 51:30 | 55:00 | 59:00 | 1:03:00 | 1:08:00 | — | — |
| 20000 | 1:33:00 | 1:42:00 | 1:47:00 | 1:55:00 | 2:05:00 | Mae angen gorffen | — | — | — |
Fel y gallwch weld, mae gan fenywod safonau ychydig yn symlach na dynion. Dylid nodi hefyd, yn ôl ystadegau, mai menywod sy'n derbyn y teitl meistr chwaraeon yn amlaf.
Safonau ar gyfer yr Olympiad, Pencampwriaethau'r Byd ac Ewrop
Wrth gwrs, i bob athletwr hunan-barchus, mae'r Gemau Olympaidd, a hyd yn oed yn fwy felly Pencampwriaethau'r Byd ac Ewrop, yn drobwynt yn ei yrfa chwaraeon ac mae angen paratoi ar ei gyfer ymlaen llaw ac yn drylwyr.
Ond, mae realiti cystadlaethau o'r fath yn golygu bod yr union safonau i'w cael ar ddiwrnod eu daliad yn unig ac ymlaen llaw, nid yw un cyfranogwr yn gwybod am y dangosyddion chwaraeon y mae'n rhaid iddo eu cyflawni. Felly, dim ond yn ôl data safonol y gall hyrwyddwr y dyfodol hyfforddi a chredu yn ei fuddugoliaeth yn y Gemau Olympaidd a chystadlaethau eraill!
Fel y gallwch weld, mae angen hyfforddi ac ennill safonau mewn athletau am nifer o flynyddoedd, diolch i weithgorau hir a dyrys, a fydd yn y pen draw yn datblygu dygnwch, amynedd ac, yn naturiol, dyfalbarhad mewn athletwr, a fydd yn dod yn ddefnyddiol wrth baratoi ar gyfer cystadlaethau'r dyfodol.
Hefyd, wrth fynd i mewn ar gyfer athletau, mae dynion a merched ifanc, fel y mae ymarfer yn dangos, yn ennill nid yn unig hyder allanol, ond hefyd hyder mewnol. Yn ôl pob tebyg, yr union ffaith hon sy'n pennu poblogrwydd uchel y math hwn o chwaraeon, ac mae'n eithaf posibl cael categori mewn athletau, ond y prif beth yw cael awydd a phwrpasoldeb.
